2018 NISSAN ALTIMA 2.5 SL VIN 1N4AL3AP5JC166979

This Nissan Altima 2.5 SL is a 2018 model, finished in grey. Power reaches the wheels through an automatic gearbox. Power comes from a 2.5-litre petrol engine with four cylinders.

The clock stood at 405,081 miles when the data was entered. The figure is in miles and needs converting before it is compared with kilometres: one mile is about 1.6 km. Averaged over the car’s age, the mileage works out well above the usual annual distance, and wear on the suspension, brakes and interior should be judged with that in mind. A later figure lower than an earlier one points to a replaced instrument cluster or an odometer that has been wound back. Title paperwork often notes the mileage at each change of owner, which makes it a useful cross-check.

When the car was recorded, it showed front-end damage. Two cars with the same damage label can be very different: one needs a few new parts, the other major work. Some damage shows its consequences only later: corroded connectors and electrical faults can surface months afterwards.

The car is recorded as running and driving. A key is on file for the car. Months of standing can leave a car with seized brakes and perished tyres.

A salvage title is on file for this car. Such a title means the car was declared a total loss and can return to the road only after repair and inspection. Once issued, a branded title stays with the VIN for good, and it affects registration and insurance for every later owner.

Behind every used car lies a string of events: who owned it and for how long, what the inspections found and which repairs and claims were made. Pieces of a car’s history sit with registries, dealers, workshops and insurance companies, and none of them sees the whole picture. From the outside, a car with a repaired accident and a car without one can look identical.

On a petrol engine, spark plugs, ignition coils and the cooling system are the routine items a service history should cover. The automatic gearbox should respond smoothly and without delay; jerks, slipping or hesitation on a test drive need investigating.

A VIN never contains the letters I, O or Q, which could be mistaken for digits; its 17 characters identify the maker, the model and the individual car. For this car, the VIN is 1N4AL3AP5JC166979.

A VIN report gathers what different sources know about a car, such as the number of owners, mileage readings, damage and any branded title. No report is complete: a repair done privately and never claimed on insurance leaves nothing to find. However complete the paperwork, only an inspection shows the condition of the body, suspension, brakes and electrics today. The next step is to look up the history behind VIN 1N4AL3AP5JC166979.