2011 FORD FIESTA SE VIN 3FADP4EJ3BM147974

The Ford Fiesta SE described here left the factory in 2011. The engine is a 1.6-litre petrol unit with four cylinders. There is an automatic gearbox, with front-wheel drive.

The recorded mileage is 133,980 miles. Miles and kilometres are easy to confuse, and a distance in miles looks lower than the same distance in kilometres. The number on the clock proves little by itself; earlier figures logged at services and inspections are what make it believable. Service invoices and inspection reports each carry a mileage figure, and lined up in order they show whether the clock tells the truth.

This Ford Fiesta SE is recorded with front-end damage. Two cars with the same damage label can be very different: one needs a few new parts, the other major work.

As a non-runner, the car needs its engine, gearbox and electrics assessed before anything else. The engine would not start, which can mean anything from a flat battery to serious mechanical damage. A key was there when the car was checked.

The car carries a salvage title. A title like this is issued when repair was judged uneconomical or unsafe.

Registrations, changes of owner, inspection results and accident claims together make up what is called a car’s history. The paperwork is kept by different bodies – registries, workshops, insurance companies and lenders – so the history of one car is spread across many places. What a car has been through is seldom visible at first glance, and a respray can make even a badly damaged car look sound.

When a car does not run, a compression test and the condition of the oil tell a mechanic whether the engine can be brought back to life. Many modern petrol engines are turbocharged and direct-injected; where they are, the turbocharger and injectors belong on a specialist’s checklist. While the car does not run, stored fault codes and a look at the fluid are the only early evidence of how the automatic gearbox has fared.

A VIN never contains the letters I, O or Q, which could be mistaken for digits; its 17 characters identify the maker, the model and the individual car. The VIN on file for this car is 3FADP4EJ3BM147974. The number in the car’s documents should match the one stamped into the body and the one on the plate at the base of the windscreen.

Where entries exist, a VIN check can show changes of owner, past mileage readings, reported damage and whether the car is listed as stolen. The past is on file; the car’s condition today is a job for a mechanic, who can check the structure, underbody, electrics and any repairs on a lift. The next step is to look up the history behind VIN 3FADP4EJ3BM147974.