2012 VOLVO S60 T5 VIN YV1622FS4C2116829

This Volvo S60 T5 is a 2012 model, finished in red. The gearbox is automatic, with front-wheel drive. The engine is a 2.4-litre petrol unit with five cylinders. Details for this car come from a single data source and may differ from its documents.

The clock stood at 79,180 miles when the data was entered. The instruments count in miles; the same distance in kilometres is about 1.6 times the figure. A single figure proves little: what makes a mileage believable is a series of readings that rise steadily over the years. Older figures usually turn up on service invoices, inspection reports and past title paperwork.

When the car was recorded, it showed front-end damage. Two cars with the same damage label can be very different: one needs a few new parts, the other major work.

The car is recorded as running and driving. A key was noted with the car.

Registrations, changes of owner, inspection results and accident claims together make up what is called a car’s history. Much of a car’s past cannot be seen: a good body repair leaves no obvious mark, and neither do years of hard driving.

Regular oil changes and timely work on the timing belt or chain decide how well an engine copes with age. A petrol engine in good order starts cleanly, idles evenly and pulls without hesitation. The automatic gearbox needs its fluid changed at the manufacturer’s intervals, and invoices should show that it was.

Stamped into the body and printed on a plate, the VIN is the one identifier that stays with a car through every owner, registration and repair. The record gives the VIN as YV1622FS4C2116829. Scratches, fresh paint or a replaced plate around the VIN markings are warning signs in their own right.

A VIN report shows what has been logged: earlier registrations, odometer figures, damage entries, branded titles and theft checks, wherever such data exists. A VIN check and a physical inspection answer different questions: the first says what happened to the car, the second what condition it is in now. For this 2012 Volvo S60 T5, the sensible next step is a history check on VIN YV1622FS4C2116829.