2002 DODGE NEON SXT VIN 1B3ES56C02D590910

This record covers a 2002 Dodge Neon SXT, finished in red. Power reaches the wheels through a manual gearbox. The petrol engine has four cylinders. The specification is taken from the source data.

The record gives the mileage as 166,467 miles. Because the clock counts miles, any figure noted in kilometres has to be converted before the two can be compared. A later figure lower than an earlier one points to a replaced instrument cluster or an odometer that has been wound back. Older figures usually turn up on service invoices, inspection reports and past title paperwork.

The record lists front-end damage as the main problem on this car. Two cars with the same damage label can be very different: one needs a few new parts, the other major work.

The record notes that the car ran and drove. A key was there when the car was checked. Months of standing can leave a car with seized brakes and perished tyres.

The car carries a salvage title. A title like this is issued when repair was judged uneconomical or unsafe. Once issued, a branded title stays with the VIN for good, and it affects registration and insurance for every later owner.

A car’s history is everything logged against it since it left the factory: registrations and owners, inspections, repairs and insurance claims. The paperwork is kept by different bodies – registries, workshops, insurance companies and lenders – so the history of one car is spread across many places. What a car has been through is seldom visible at first glance, and a respray can make even a badly damaged car look sound.

A cold start, the colour of the exhaust smoke and any oil leaks tell a mechanic a good deal about how an engine has been treated. On a petrol engine, a rough idle, misfires or a warning light on the dashboard need looking into. A test drive says a great deal about a manual gearbox: listen for whining, feel for notchy changes and check that the clutch does not slip.

Every modern car carries a 17-character VIN, its identity for life, and no two cars share one. For this car, the VIN is 1B3ES56C02D590910. A VIN that differs between the documents and the car, or shows signs of tampering, is reason enough to walk away.

A VIN report gathers what different sources know about a car, such as the number of owners, mileage readings, damage and any branded title. A professional inspection makes sense whatever the paperwork shows, because no report measures corrosion, worn bushes or a poor repair. The next step is to look up the history behind VIN 1B3ES56C02D590910.